Geology

Coastal Hazards: Singapore   Singapore has its share of natural hazards. Being an Island, Singapore is also at risk of Coastal erosion. Coastal erosion is a very large threat to coastal countries as they cause property damage, loss of land, displacement, and loss of animal habitat.  As sea levels rise, the shore starts to get thinner and thinner. Water property is affected because the water starts to mess with the structure and ultimately overtake it. However sea levels aren't rising in Singapore at an alarming rate. By 2050 levels are expected to rise by 0.2 meters. But when the time comes it is better to be ready. Coastal erosion also affects habitat loss as well. The coastal wetlands are at risk and so are the animals that live there.  Singapore has already implemented protection to the coastal erosion. 70% of the coast is protected by stone walls or rock revetments. All in which is part of Singapore's green plan to help the country in the long run. Experts are looking at wa

  Extreme Weather: Singapore Singapore is home to a very tropical climate as its temperatures can get up to 35.4 degree Celsius. Or if we want to get into Fahrenheit, 95.7 degrees. However with a tropical climate comes heavy rain as well. With this tropical weather comes the risk of typhoons. Singapore can experience cyclones and hurricanes as well. These extreme weather events usually occur between July to November and deal can deal extensive damage to property and land.  Aside from fierce winds and wet conditions, Singapore occasionally does have heatwaves. Although this is not common, the affects can be felt because of the Urban Island heat affect. Concrete and buildings bring in a lot more heat causing the sensation to feel a lot hotter. Things to do to prepare: (This information is taken from a Japanese disaster preparation site because they experience typhoons a lot.) Ensure a safe stay at home: Plan to keep the proper necessities such as food and water. Being stocked up will all

 Singapore is not only home to flooding, but landslides and mudslides as well. Any country that has significant amount of rain and loose dirt is bound to have mass wasting. Although Singapore is relatively flat when it comes to topography, there are still areas that can have slides. Landslides and mudslides occur on lands that are sloped. When rainfall exceeds more than 189mm of rain, the chance of landslide becomes higher. The image below shows a picture of the Clementi landslide. Located at a construction sight, this landslide happened because of soil failure. Rainfall caused the soil to become to heavy causing a landslide that would block major drainage systems. If a landslide were to occur nearby, always listen to city officials, avoid the damage area, and make sure you have a plan in mind in terms of transportation. Landslides often block roads, limiting transportation. For more information on Singapore and its mass wasting risks: View the following links:  https://www.mnd.gov.sg/

Although Singapore isn't home to any Volcanoes, the threat of volcanic fallout is quite large. Singapore is located in a very high threat zone due to Indonesia and the Philippines. This area is quite active due to the Pacific Rim of Fire as well. As said before, there are no Volcanoes in Singapore, but ash can still reach the country with ease. The eruption of Pinatubo in 1991 which was over 2,400km away still reached the country. Unlike tsunamis and earthquakes, volcanoes have a wider reach. Some measures and precautions that need to be taken in event of an eruption are having enough resources, follow official warnings and evacuation orders, and wear potential eye protection. Volcanoes have the potential to affect the whole world, not just the surrounding region. Being prepared and knowing how to act in time of emergency is very important. A super volcano can reach anyone no matter if there is a volcano in that country or not.  https://www.asiaoceania.org/aogs2017/doc/lecturers/SC

Although Singapore does have its share of small earthquakes, the chance of experiencing a large quake is quite small for this country. The reason being is that Singapore is not located by any boundaries. Instead Singapore is located on the inside part of the Eurasian plate rather than the edge. Countries located on the edge of tectonic plates have more of a chance of experiencing larger and more dangerous earthquakes. The West coast of the United States and Japan are just a couple of many countries that are located right on the border of a plate. In result, these countries experiences giant and destructive earthquakes. Singapore is considered a safe zone when it comes to seismic activity. The closest area of danger lies 400km away on the west coast Sumatra. So if there were any reaction, that is where the epicenter is most likely to be.  https://www.iitk.ac.in/nicee/wcee/article/13_129.pdf https://earthobservatory.sg/earth-science-education/earth-science-faqs/risk-and-society/is-singap

 Singapore is located in the Northern Hemisphere of the world and is set on the Eurasian plate, but not near the divergent boundary itself. The Eurasian plate is home to over 4.6 billion people and contains most of Europe and Asia.  In terms of geologic activity, the Eurasian plate holds a steady amount of seismic activity. Although there is plenty of seismic activity on the pacific rim of fire, Singapore isn't in that zone. Meaning that the level of earthquake that is experienced is quite low level.  However, not being on a fault or plate boundary doesn't mean that they do not feel earthquakes. Singapore still gets small earthquakes from time to time. Just not on a massive scale. Countries that are on the Rim of Fire such as Japan, get massive earthquakes due to being on the boundary. Links:  http://eurasiatectonics.weebly.com http://www.weather.gov.sg/learn_seismology/